For Tenants, Homeowners, and Landlords in the United Kingdom.

This page outlines the officially recognised heating measures available under the Energy Company Obligation (ECO4) scheme. It is intended for tenants, homeowners, and landlords seeking clarity on the energy efficiency upgrades supported by government funding.

Each measure described below includes essential details about system function, suitability, installation time, and typical lifespan. The ECO4 scheme aims to improve energy efficiency, reduce fuel poverty, and support the UK’s legal commitment to reducing carbon emissions through accessible, practical upgrades.

First-Time Central Heating

First-Time Central Heating (FTCH) installations provide a full heating system for properties that currently lack one. This is suitable for homes without any previous central heating infrastructure.

System Overview:
The system includes:

  • A central boiler (gas or electric)
  • Copper piping for heat distribution
  • Multiple radiators installed throughout the property

Water is heated in the boiler and then circulated through radiators, providing uniform heating across all rooms.

Suitability:
FTCH is most appropriate for homes that rely on electric heaters, solid fuel stoves, or other outdated or inefficient sources.

Installation Duration:
Approximately 2–5 days.

Expected Lifespan:
15–20 years.

Boiler Replacement (Boiler Swap)

Boiler replacement involves removing an existing inefficient boiler and installing a new high-efficiency model, typically a condensing boiler.

System Overview:
New boilers operate by recovering more heat from combustion gases. They are typically paired with smart heating controls, such as programmable thermostats and room sensors.

This significantly improves a home’s energy efficiency rating.

Key Features:

  • Gas or electric condensing boiler models
  • Potential pairing with smart controls
  • Reduction in fuel use and carbon emissions

Installation Duration:
Usually completed within 1 day.

Expected Lifespan:
10–15 years.

Radiator Upgrades

Radiator upgrades involve replacing older or inefficient radiators with new, energy-efficient models. This can also include the installation of thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs).

System Overview:
Modern radiators:

  • Use less energy to produce the same amount of heat
  • Are built from efficient materials such as aluminium, steel, or cast iron
  • Allow temperature control per room through TRVs

TRVs are devices installed at the base of radiators. They allow users to set different temperatures in each room, improving overall efficiency.

Installation Duration:
1–2 days.

Expected Lifespan:
15–25 years.

Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP)

 An Air Source Heat Pump is a renewable heating system that extracts thermal energy from outside air, converting it into usable heat for space heating or hot water.

System Overview:
An ASHP includes:

  • An external compressor unit
  • A heat exchanger
  • Refrigerant-filled pipes that transport absorbed heat.

The system works by absorbing heat from the outside air—even in cold conditions—compressing it, and releasing it indoors. This is comparable to how a refrigerator works in reverse.

Suitability:
Most effective in well-insulated properties. Additional insulation measures may be required before installation is approved.

Installation Duration:
3–5 days.

Expected Lifespan:
15–20 years.

Solar Panels (Photovoltaic Systems)

Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels generate electricity from sunlight, reducing dependency on grid-supplied electricity.

System Overview:
The solar PV system comprises:

  • Photovoltaic cells (usually silicon-based)
  • A mounting frame (aluminium)
  • Inverter to convert DC to AC electricity for household use

Electricity generated can be used in real-time or stored using battery systems for later use.

Installation Duration:
1–3 days.

Expected Lifespan:
25–30 years.

Storage Heaters (Modern High-Retention Models)

Storage heaters store heat during off-peak electricity periods (usually overnight) and release it gradually throughout the day.

System Overview:
The internal components include:

  • Ceramic bricks that retain heat
  • Thermostatic controls to manage heat release
  • In some cases, fans to distribute warmth evenly.

These systems are designed to align with time-of-use tariffs (such as Economy 7), allowing users to benefit from lower electricity rates overnight.

Suitability:
Best suited to homes without central heating or those seeking to reduce energy costs during peak demand hours.

Installation Duration:
1–2 days.

Expected Lifespan:
15–20 years.

Each of these measures is approved based on suitability, cost-effectiveness, and compliance with government retrofit standards.

If you are interested in applying for ECO-funded improvements, use The Consumer Rights free ECO4 eligibility checker