An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is a legal requirement for most property transactions in the UK, whether you’re selling, letting, or building. But what happens if you don’t have one? Can you be fined? Are there exceptions? And how do you get one?

Here’s everything you need to know about what to do if your property doesn’t currently have an EPC.

When is an EPC Legally Required?

A valid Energy Performance Certificate is required in the following situations:

  • Selling a property: Whether residential or commercial, a property must have an EPC in place before it is marketed for sale.
  • Letting a property: A valid EPC must be provided to all new tenants before a tenancy agreement is signed.
  • New construction: All newly built properties require an EPC before completion.

Further Reading: Legal EPC Responsibilities for Landlords in 2025

It is not necessary to obtain an EPC if you are an owner-occupier who is not selling or letting their property.

Failure to provide a valid EPC where required can result in enforcement action and financial penalties. Local authority trading standards departments are authorised to issue fines of up to £5,000 for non-compliance.

Additionally, for landlords, compliance with the Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards (MEES) may require that a property meet a minimum EPC rating of E. Letting a property below this standard without an exemption can result in further penalties.

What If You’re Exempt?

Not all properties need an EPC. You might be exempt if:

  • The property is listed, and improvements would affect its historic character
  • It’s a place of worship
  • It’s a temporary building used for under two years
  • It’s a small non-residential building (under 50m² and detached)
  • The building is due to be demolished (with planning permission in place)
  • It’s holiday accommodation used for less than four months a year or let under a licence to occupy

To claim an exemption, property owners may be required to provide documentary evidence or consult their local authority. Exemptions may also need to be recorded on the PRS Exemptions Register in certain cases, such as MEES-related exemptions.

What To Do If You Don’t Have One (But Need One)

 Get a New EPC

If you don’t currently have an EPC, use the above link to arrange an assessment.
The assessor will visit your property, conduct a non-invasive inspection, and evaluate energy efficiency elements such as:

  • Insulation levels (loft, cavity wall, floor)
  • Heating systems and controls
  • Hot water systems
  • Windows and glazing type
  • Lighting efficiency

The visit typically takes 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the size and complexity of the property.